职务犯罪中“从事公务”问题探析

An Inquiry into the Issue of Performing Public Duty in Crimes by Taking Advantage of Duty

“从事公务”是国家工作人员的本质特征 ,是界定国家工作人员范围的基本依据。对于“公务”应从职务犯罪侵害的客体 ,《刑法》第 93条关于从事公务人员范围的规定 ,以及公务与劳务的关系入手 ,才易于对公务的内涵形成共识。刑法意义上的公务仅指具有国家管理性质的公共事务。公务与劳务相区别的关键在于某种活动是否具有国家权力性和管理性。相应地 ,所谓从事公务就是指代表国家对公共事务所进行的组织、领导、管理、监督等职务行为 ,以及其他办理国家事务的行为。

Performing public duty is an inherent characteristic o f state personnel and an essential criterion in defining a civil servant. We sho uld proceed from the victim object being infringed by crimes of taking advantage of duty, from the regulations on the range of personnel on public affairs presc ribed in Clause 93 of the Criminal Law, and from the relation between public dut y and labor service to come to common connotation of public duty. Public duty in the sense of criminal law only refers to the public affairs of state management . The key difference between public duty and labor service lies in whether it po ssesses state power and administration. Accordingly, performing public duty invo lves official activities such as organization, management, and supervision of pu blic affairs on behalf of the state, and other state affairs.