心理学研究中的科学方法与非科学方法

Scientific and Non-scientific methods in Psychological Studies

自心理学被界定为一门科学以来 ,对心理学的研究便十分强调研究方法的科学性。那些被认为是不科学的方法 ,如内省、思辨、假设、演绎等被长期排斥在主流心理学的研究方法之外。这虽是学科研究进步的表现 ,但也暴露出心理学研究中唯科学方法的缺陷。由于心理学研究对象的特殊性 ,非科学方法仍是心理学研究中的一种重要方法 ,心理学史上的一些重要成就表明了非科学方法的应用价值。心理学研究中的科学方法与非科学方法并不是对立的。人本主义心理学大胆引进非科学方法 ,兼收并蓄 ,其主张被越来越多的人接受。

Ever since Psychology was defined as a science, it has been emphasized that psychological studies should be carried out in a scientific way. Those so-called non-scientific methods such as introspection, hypothesis, and deduction have been kept out of the mainstream of psychological studies. Though an advance , it also reveals the defect of scientific method- only. Non-scientific methods are still important in the psychological study because of the peculiarity of its subjects. A case in point is the achievements in the history of Psychology. In fact, scientific and non-scientific methods are not conflicting. Humanism Psychology courageously introduces non-scientific methods and others, which is being accepted by more and more people nowadays.