中国计划经济时期计划管理的若干问题

Several Issues with Plan Administration under China's Planned Economy

1953～1980年是中国实行计划经济的时期,计划经济发挥了集中全国力量办工业的作用,在极端困难的条件下,初步建立了国民经济的工业体系,在历史上曾发挥了巨大的作用。但由于在决策方面的信息不充分、滞后甚至扭曲,决策科学化难度很大,实施形式趋于单一,微观管死与宏观多变,以“条”、“块”为特征的整体与局部分割,重基建轻技改等,致使5个五年计划中有4个未曾正式公布和真正实施。全面地、历史地理解这一情况,对于客观地认识中国改革开放的背景和渐进式改革道路的选择,都是有意义的。

Under China' s planned economy, China established its own industrial system that played a massive historical role. But due to information distortions and delays in policy - making, it was difficult to make decision - making scientific. The result was a unidimensional system of planning that stifled micro- economic activities and subjected macro policy to many changes, that was fragmented by vertical and horizontal administrative divisions, and that focused on basic construction at the expense of technology upgrading. Fully and historically understanding these circumstances is significant for understanding the background to reform and opening up.