一套汉语动词论元角色的语法指标

A set of grammatical guidelines to the thematic roles in Chinese

本文考察了现代汉语动词常见的 1 7种论元角色的语法表现 ,并以这些论元角色的下列分布特征和转换特征作为测试条件 :(i)能否直接作主语或宾语等句法成分 ,(ii)能否作"把 被"字句的主语 ,(iii)能否作介词"把 被由"的宾语 ,(iv)能否作"用 在到 从 往向"等介词的宾语 ,(v)能否作"VV V一V V了V"等动词重叠形式的主语或宾语 ,(vi)能否作"不没有VP"等否定形式的主语或宾语 ,(vii)能否作"V -成"一类复合动词的宾语 ,(viii)能否通过左向或右向出位而成为话题或述题等。以此从语法形式上界定不同的论元角色所应该具备的一套语法指标 。

This paper investigates the main grammatical behaviors of 17 thematic roles of verbs in Chinese. It builds a set of grammatical guidelines for thematic roles with their syntactic features and constructs a formal operative procedure for defining thematic roles, based on the following distribution and transformational features of these roles: whether they can function as: 1) subject and object, 2) the subject of bǎ (把)/ bèi (被) construction, 3) 4) the object of the prepositions bǎ (把)/ bèi (被) / yǒu (有) and yòng (用)/ zài (在)/ dào (到)/ cóng (从)/ wǎng (往)/ xiàng (向), 5)-6) the subject or object of the verb duplication forms VV/V yī (一)V/V bù (不)V and the negative verbal forms bù (不)/ méiyǒu (没有) VP, 7) topic or rheme by left or right dislocation.