怨恨:现代性伦理的精神品质——马克斯·舍勒道德建构中的怨恨理论述论

A Review of Max Scholler's Resentment Theory in Moral Reconstruction

从中世纪开始 ,科学、新教和资本主义这些因素协调一致开始了现代现象 ,它是近代以来社会政治—经济制度、知识理念体系和个体—群体心性结构及其相应的文化制度方面发生的全面秩序转型。现代现象包括现代化、现代主义和现代性三个题域。舍勒认为资本主义时代现代性的精神实质是“怨恨”。怨恨是一种没有明确的前因后果的心灵自我毒害。报复冲动是怨恨的出发点 ,经恼恨、恶意、羡慕、妒忌发展到阴恶 ,它形成特殊的生活经验。怨恨作为现代性精神品质 ,表现出工商精神气质战胜并取代了神学—形而上学的精神气质 ,实用价值与生命价值的结构性位置已经发生了根本转换。

The modern phenomenon is a joint product of science,Protestantism and capitalism in the later Medieval Era and marks the revolutionary transfiguratio n of the political-economic,ideological and psychological systems.It manifests itself in three aspects: modernization,modernism and modernity.Scholler argue s that the essence of the capitalist modern phenomenon is resentment,a self des truction without causes of whatsoever kind, an abnormal life experience with vi ndictiveness,anger,viciousness,jealousy and intrigue as its main phases.Such resentment,Scholler further points out,marks the victory of commercialism ove r theology and metaphysics and a fundamental transformation of values.