卡特总统与1978年美国文官制度改革

President Carter and the Civil Service Reform of 1978 in the United States

1978年卡特总统的文官制度改革 ,不仅是 2 0世纪美国历史上的一个重大事件 ,而且是继 1883年《彭德尔顿法》颁布以来美国联邦政府文官制度发展史上的又一个重要的里程碑。这次文官制度改革不仅涉及到联邦政府高级文官结构的变化、中级文官报酬制度的改革、下级文官利益的重新分配等问题 ,而且也触及到联邦政府文官管理机构的调整与改组。因此 ,改革不仅影响到联邦政府行政工作效率的提高 。

Through examining and analyzing the civil service reform of 1978 in the Carter Administration,this article not only traces the historical process of this reform,but also points out that the reform sped up the politicalization of American bureaucracy.The author also states that the reform went not only with President’s control over the civil service and the higher civil service’s interference with politics and policy making,but also with dimming political neutrality of the civil service and blurring the boundary between politicians and bureaucrats in the United States