以哲学代宗教——论冯友兰的“安身立命”之道

Philosophy as a Substitute for Religion ——Feng Youlan' s Way of Living

由于受达尔文进化论和西方科学主义思潮的影响,近代以来的中国学者一般认为,随着科学技术的进步,许多过去人类解决不了,而不得不寄托于宗教的问题,现在已由科学解决,所以宗教的势力已经减弱。然而,现实的情况却是,西方的科学虽已取得极大的发展和进步,但宗教并未退缩。冯友兰认为,这是因为,西方的哲学是贫困的哲学。西方的哲学家们不去研究“安身立命”的大事,把本该由哲学解决的问题,让位给宗教。冯友兰发扬了中国思想以哲学代宗教之传统,提出了可以作为人类“安身立命”之所的“天地境界”。主张“以哲学代宗教”。

Under the influence of Darwinism, some Chinese scholars in modern history believed that the problems once to be solved by religion could be clarified by science. However, the reality contradicted the as-sumption, for religion was stili the main means of spiritual reliance. Feng Youlan thought western phi-losophy was one of poverty, for western philosophers depended on religion rather than science for their way of living. Advocating the ancient Chinese practice of substituting philosophy for religion, Feng Youlan put forward his theory of philosophy as a way of living in the climate of heaven and earth.