早期儒学语境中的“时”范畴析解

Explanation on the Category of "Time"(shih) Contained in the Early Context of Confucianism

“时”是早期儒家构建其“内圣外王”人格价值理想的核心范畴之一。在早期儒家的话语系统中 ,“时”以“时遇”、“时命”等外在于价值主体的客观条件和异己的力量 ,以中介的形式与价值主体一起对儒家人格价值理想的实践发生不容忽视乃至是决定性的作用 ,并不断地内化为一种主体价值选择的方法论原则———“时中”和一种集大成式的人格理想境界———“时圣”。早期儒家对于“时”由非主体范畴向主体性范畴转化的认识 。

Time' (shih) is one of the key categories employed to construct the ideal values of personality of being 'sagely within and kingly without' by earlier Confucianism. In the discourse system of this earlier Confucianism, 'Time' (shih), with 'the opportunity of Time' (shih yu), 'the mandate of Time' (shih ming), etcetera as the objective conditions and dissident forces extrinsic to the subject of values, and in the form of intermediary, plays an even decisive role never to be neglected in the application of Confucian thoughts on the values of personality together with the subject of values, and gradually internalized into a methodological principle in the choice of the subjective values, i. e.'the mean of Time' (shih chong) and'the sage of Time' (shih sheng), an all-embraced ambit of ideas on personality. This cognitive transformation of 'Time' (shih) from the non-subjective category to the subjective category of earlier Confucianism, fully embodies the thinking characteristics of Confucianism of emphasizing practical reason.