商纣俎醢侯伯新证

On New Proofs of the Shang King Zhou Chopping the Dukes and Earls

战国秦汉时的文献中常言商王纣脯醢俎杀诸侯方伯 ,并认为这是周武王兴兵讨伐、商纣亡国的一个主要原因。古今不少学者对此多有怀疑。今地下出土的晚商金文及殷墟甲骨文资料可证商纣俎醢酋长侯伯并祭祀先王完全是历史事实。从殷墟卜辞看 ,商代从武丁起以人为牲的情况呈递减趋势。商纣俎醢酋长侯伯不是个人品质性格问题 ,而是殷人文化习俗观念使然。

It was said that the Shang King Zhou had chopped and dismembered the dukes and the earls,and this was thought to be one of the chief causes that the Zhou King Wu had punished the Shang Dynasty by arms and the Shang King Zhou had lost his country.This version was doubted by many scholars from the ancient to modern times.It was completely confirmed to be a historical fact that the Shang King Zhou had chopped the dukes and earls by the unearthed oracle-bone and bronze inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty.The condition that the Shang Dynasty had taken people as victims in the oracle-bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty shows the tendency decreasing gradually from Shang King Wu-Ding to the Shang King Zhou.That the Shang King Zhou had chopped the dukes and earls was not a question of his personal disposition but the cultural and customary ideas of his time.