鸦片战争后中国海防建设迟滞原因探析

An Exploration into the Reasons of the Retardedness of Chinese Sea Defence after the Opium Wars

鸦片战争时期 ,前线将帅在与英军接仗以前 ,都对以众击寡 ,以逸待劳 ,以主待客等古老战略战术原则和战争形势充满胜利信心 ,只是在经过战场较量之后他们对于英军“船坚炮利”才有了真实体验 ,大多改变了看法 ,主张仿造西方船炮 ,“师夷长技以制夷”。而后方官绅缺乏战场体验 ,在战后多数仍然停留在战前的认识水平上 ,他们把清军的失败完全归咎于前线将帅指挥无能和军队缺乏训练 ,未能正确估价武器装备优劣对于战争结局的影响 ,不愿坦然承认落后挨打的事实。由于“师夷制夷”主张未能得到朝野确认 ,军事工业近代化因此迟迟不能启动。

In the Opium Wars the Chinese generals in front were at first very confident of their victory.Only after heavy losses did they realize the inportance of advanced warship and guns.Most of them changed their idea about sea fight and proposed to “learn form the foreigners their advanced weapons in order to defeat them”.But officials who were far from the batlle fields did not realize this and attributed the defeat of Qing army to the miscommanding of high rank military officers.Because the proposal of “learning from the foreigners to defeat them” was not accepted,the modernization of military industry postponed endlessly.