北移冬小麦生长发育与气象条件关系的研究

Studies on Relationship Between Growth and Development of Northward Winter Wheat and Meteorological Conditions

通过对北移冬小麦主要栽培品种北移1号在原种植区与北移区两地生长发育差异的比较分析,总结出冬小麦北移后生育期表现为越冬期与灌浆期延长,苗期、返青-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期缩短的“三短两长”特点,由此使营养生长有效期、营养生长至生殖生长的过渡期缩短,生殖生长期明显延长。根据北移冬小麦越冬前干物质累积的情况及含水量变化规律,提出将抗寒锻炼的过程划分为准备阶段、发展阶段和适应阶段。冬小麦在北移区幼穗分化时间较原种植区缩短,但比当地春小麦延长5d左右,并且抽穗期提前,使冬小麦的灌浆期处在有利时期,为干粒重的提高创造了条件。

Through comparing the growth difference of major wheat variety 'Beiyi No. 1' in its original cultivated region and in the northward region, the change of the growing period of winter wheat in the northward region showed the characteristics of 'three short and two long . The seedling stage, turning green to joint stage and joint to heading stage became shorter; The over wintering stage and milk stage became longer. This led to the wheat's vegetation period being shortened greatly, the transition period from vegetation to reproduction also being shortened, but the reproduction period being extended obviously. Based on dry matter accumukting and water containing condition of the northward winter wheat before winter, we divided its cold-resistant exercise process into three phases: preparing phase, developing phase and adapting phase. In the northward region of winter wheat, although the time for young ear development was shorter than that in its original cultivated region, it was still 5 days longer than local spring wheat. Because the heading stage was earlier, the milk stage moved to the favorable time. This improved the condition for grain weight rising.