油膜附水滴加工液的物理特性与加工性能

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MACHINING PERFORMANCES OF THE MACHINING FLUIDS OF OILS ON WATER

21世纪是生产工厂追求生态加工与零排放生产的时代,工业生产须对环境影响最小。就机械加工而言,切削、磨削加工过程中大量循环使用有毒有害传统加工液和大量排放加工废液的现状迫切需要改变。作为对策,多种以最小量润滑和加工废液减量为原则的新加工液形态如干加工及冷风、微量油和微量水等,近年来得到了研究、开发与实施。这些形态的加工液能改善环境、节省能源和降低成本,但冷却性能却不及传统加工液如乳化液。显然,采取结合加工对象和条件的多样化加工液对策十分必要。因此,本文应用冷风、可自然降解油剂和水经喷雾形成油膜附水滴加工液来替代传统加工液。通过进行物理特性试验考察其油膜形成效果,并在加工中心机床和数控平面磨床上进行大量的加工性能试验研究其加工适用性。试验结果表明:油膜附水滴加工液具有良好的润滑效果和一定的冷却效果,适用于切削、磨削加工。

The 21st century is such an age in which the factories pursue for eco-machining and zero-emission productions, and industrial productions with minimum side effects on environments. As far as mechanical machining, there exists a status of too much recycling use and emission of traditional machining fluids which are harmful to operator health and environments in the processes of cutting and grinding, which is in urgent need to be changed. To improve this status, some new types of machining fluids such as dry machining, cooled air, oil mist, water mist and so on, have been developed and applied recently. These types of machining fluids can improve work conditions, save energy consumption and decrease operation costs. However, their cooling effects are not as good as traditional machining fluids such as emulsion. Obviously, it is necessary to take a strategy for new machining fluids by combination of machining targets and conditions. As a result, this paper developed new machining fluids of oils on water (OoW) to replace traditional machining fluids by mist-jet with cooled air, botanic or ester oils and water. A large number of experiments for physical characteristics and machining performances of OoW machining fluids are carried out on machining-center and NC plane grinder so as to verify oil film forming effects and applicable feasibilities to machining. The investigations show that OoW machining fluids have excellent lubricating effects and good cooling effects, applicable for cutting and grinding.