论制度供给的滞后性与能动性

On the Time-lag and Activity of the Institution Supply

本文在讨论“制度供给滞后”这一模型并对其进行检验考察与原因分析后,得出四个推论:第一,制度变迁是一个自然演进过程,人类理性在其中主要表现为认识需求、顺应需求而不应超越现实需求去一味进行具体的所谓制度“设计”,防止在制度变迁过程中“人类理性的滥用”及其灾难性后果;第二,在制度创新中应自觉引入规范的公共选择以形成现代意义的政治文明;第三,滞后的制度供给依其稳定性而表现出维护其所代表的利益集团的显著能动性和成为短期社会活动态势的决定性因素,制度的创新与制度的维护,必然成为新旧两种力量激烈斗争的核心内容;第四,制度创新思路上的“少数理性”如能先导地、正确地反映制度需求的历史趋势,就会成为人类整体理性发展和社会进步的重要推动力量。

After discussion on the model of 'time - lag of institution supply', related test and cause analyses, the Thesis has four inferences: 1. institutional change is a natural evolution process in which the human reason can main- ly act to recognize and fit the institution demand and should avoid abusing human reason to disastrous conse- quences; 2. in institution renovation the normal public choice mechanism should be induced to form the mod- em political civilization; 3. based on institutional stability, the institution supply also has remarkable activity to maintain the interest groups benefited from it, and show determinative influence for short - term social situa- tion, therefore, to be the key point of new - old struggle; 4. if the 'minority reason' of the institution renova- tion reflects correctly the historic tendency of institution demand, it can be the important force to promote the global human reason enhancement and the progress of society.