阮籍《达庄论》与汉魏之际庄学

Ruan Ji’s Essay on Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi Study at the Turn of Han and Wei Dynasties

学术界一般认为 ,阮籍《达庄论》作于高平陵政变之后 ,表达了反对“名教”崇尚“自然”的激烈观点 ,与《大人先生传》相同。通过分析《达庄论》力图调和“名教”与“自然”关系的思想特征 ,结合其他资料 ,可得出该论创作于正始八～九年 (2 4 7～ 2 4 8)正始之音高潮中的结论。这是目前所见最早的解《庄》专论 ,它超越了汉魏思想界以“贵生”“隐逸”理解《庄子》的传统 ,将“齐物”视为《庄子》的理论主旨 ,以“元气”论解释了“齐物”思想的合理性 ,力图消除儒家“名教”、“入世”与《庄子》“自然”、“出世”之间的差异 ,从庄学角度丰富了正始玄学的“儒道同”理论 ,并为后来向秀、郭象建立以“性分”为基础的“冥物”(齐物 )学说 ,开辟了学术理路。

This paper proposes a new reading of Ruan Ji’s Essay on Zhuangzi.Scholars have argued that Ruan’s essay honored Taoist spontaneity and criticized Confucian moral teachings.However,this paper argues that written around 247,Ruan’s essay actually offered a fresh interpretation of Zhuang Zi’s philosophy in that it considered the idea of equality of all things as the main thread that underlies Zhuang Zi’s thought.Thus Ruan attempted to harmonize the “inner-worldly” Confucian moral teachings and the “other-worldly”Taoist pursuit of spontaneity.In this regard,Ruan’s understanding of Zhuangzi anticipated the interpretations of Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang on Zhuangzi that came decades later.