信疑假设

Hypothesis of Belief and Doubt

本文从认知语言学的角度 ,把附加疑问句发问人对所述命题内容的信和疑抽象为一种认知规律 ,冒昧提出疑问句的信疑假设。这一假设在包括附加疑问句在内的是非问句和特指问句中的运用充分表明 ,疑问句发问人对所述命题内容既有信又有疑 ,疑是建立在信的基础之上的 ;疑问句的语义语用功能是发问人对有关命题内容的信和疑相互作用的结果。人们内在的认知状态可以转化为一种语言运用的知识结构 ,语言中的一些语法规则是语言运用者内在的认知状态语法化的结果 ;一些语言表达形式的语用功能是语言运用者内在的认知状态语用化的结果。

The Hypothesis of Belief and Doubt (BDH) is the conceptualization of the speaker's epistemological state related to tag questions. The application of the BDH in the analysis of Yes-No and Wh-questions proves that the speaker, at the time of the utterance of a question, has belief in, as well as doubt about, the propositional content denoted in the sentence. The coexistence and interaction of the speaker's belief and doubt brings some light to the corresponding relationship between the syntactic structure, the semantic and pragmatic function that questions are used to perform. The application of the BDH shows that the epistemological state residing in our minds can be transformed or externalized into the knowledge of the application of language and that the syntactic structure is the result of the grammaticalization of the language user's epistemological state.