孟德斯鸠对东西方政体与法制的比较研究

Montesquieu's Comparative Research into the Orient-Western Systems of Government and Legal Systems

孟德斯鸠认为东方专制政体与欧洲君主制的区别在于君主治国是否遵守法律。东方专制君主不受宪章或法律的约束,欧洲君主治国遵循基本的法律和惯例,其权力受到很大的约束和限制。前者缺少民法与商法,刑法严酷,诉讼程序简单,后者则有繁杂而系统的民法,且诉讼繁复拖延,这有利于保障人民权利。东方专制政体是普遍的政治奴隶制,人民生活悲惨,一切都被掠夺,远不如欧洲君主国的人民生活幸福安定。

Montesquieu thought the basic distinction between the orient autocratic monarchy and the European monarchy is whether monarchs obey law.The orient autocratic monarchs don't obey constitution and law,whereas the European one obey the basic law and convention,therefore their power is restrained very much.Being absent of civil law and commercial law,whereas cruel penal codes are sufficient in the orient autocratic countries and suit procedure is simple there.Being sufficient of complex and systematic civil laws,and suit procedure being complex and long in the European monarchy countries,these help guarantee people' right.The orient autocracy means universal political slave system.People live miserably,everything are robbed in the orient autocratic countries.They don'tlive so happy and stable as the European people very much.