试论北京城市规划建设中的三个里程碑

The Three Milestones in the City Construction of Beijing

北京城的规划建设有着深厚的历史文化渊源。其空间结构的最大特点 ,突出显示在全城自北而南的中轴线上。迄今依然屹立在这条中轴线上的紫禁城 ,工事辉煌 ,原是皇权时代的核心建筑 ,而今作为故宫博物院 ,已属世界文化遗产 ,可以看作是城市规划建设中的第一个里程碑 ;原在天安门前号称“天街”的宫廷广场 ,随着新中国的诞生 ,已经扩建为古今建筑交相映辉的城市广场 ,无疑是第二个里程碑 ;国家奥林匹克体育中心的选址 ,导致了全城中轴线向北方延伸 ,而最近修订的《北京城市总体规划 ( 1 991年至 2 0 1 0年 )》又进一步要求“中轴北延长线要保留宽阔的绿带 ,在其两侧和北端的公共建筑群作为城市轴线的高潮与终结 ,突出体现 2 1世纪首都的新风貌。”这无疑是城市规划建设中第三个里程碑的新形象。其次 ,这一新发展 ,终于扭转了历史上中轴线一贯向南延伸的趋势 。

There are three milestones in the city construction of Beijing, all of which are closely related with the original axis stretching from north to south. The Forbidden City, standing on this axis,and once the representation of imperial power, is the first milestone. The second milestone stands in front of, or south to, the Forbidden City, now called the Imperial Palace Museum, it was once the royal plaza in the imperial period. It has become the city plaza with both traditional and modern buildings relieving against each other in harmony. The third milestone is directly the result of the site choice for the Olympic Center, which causes the axis to stretch epochally from south to north, changing the traditional trend from north to south. According to “the Overal City Plan of Beijing from 1991 to 2010', this axis will end at the buildings to the north of the Olympic Center and the greenbelt on each side of the axis will add new look to the city.