利用微生物提高采油率

Enhanced Oil Recovery by Microorganisms

微生物技术用于提高原油采收率(MEOR)是一项新型的三次采油技术,主要是利用微生物能有效利用原油组分作为碳源进行生长代谢并产生酸、气、有机物及一些有利于原油开采的表面活性剂,从而提高地层压力、岩层孔隙度、渗透率和原油开采率。该技术具有操作条件温和,费用低,不产生二次污染等特点。同时对MEOR技术的分类、工作原理、代谢产物、化学剂对其影响、有利于和不利于石油开采的石油微生物、经济评定等问题进行了讨论,并提出了MEOR技术的发展前景及需进一步研究的问题。

Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery(MEOR)is a kind of new tertiary oil recovery method, which mainly utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms. Microorganisms can degrade some oil component and produce a lot of acid, gas, organic substance , some other biosurfactant and polymer, which can promote the stratum pressure, greatly magnify the rock pore size and improve oil recovery. The mild operational conditions, low cost and no second pollution are the characters of MEOR. The classification, the principle of work, economical assess, the analysis of metabolism product, avail and unavail oil bacteriums in oil recover and the influence of chemical agent are expounded. MEOR method will have the more better using prospects and some issues which need to be solved is put forward.