三大营养素组成与家兔动脉粥样硬化关系研究

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY COMPOSITON AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN RABBIT

成年雄性大耳白兔30只,分为5组:对照组(适宜量组)、高酪蛋白组(蛋白质占总能量25％)、高大豆蛋白组(蛋白质占总能量25％)、高脂肪组(脂肪占总能量40％)和低脂肪组(脂肪占总能量16％),饲养80天。观察不同饲料组成对家兔主功脉组织形态、血脂水平、组织中总脂含量与脂肪酸组成和体重等的影响。结果表明,主动脉粥样硬化改变,对照组少而轻,其次是高酪蛋白组和低脂肪组,高脂肪组和高大豆蛋白组病变多且重。血清TC、TG、和LDL-C高脂肪组和高酪蛋白组(除TG外)均高于对照组,高大豆蛋白组和低脂肪组(除TG外)均低于对照组,HDL-C除低脂肪组外,各组相似。主动脉中脂肪含量受饲料影响最大,实验各组均高于对照组,且P/S值也小,对心肌影响较小,且P/S值均在1.12以上。说明饲料中三大营养素组成中不但量、而且动、植比也影响主动脉粥样硬化改变的程度。

The effects of various dietary composition on serum lipid levels, morpho-logial changes of cardiovascular tissue, fatty acid composition of various tissues and body weights in rabbits have been observed. 30 adult rabbits were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 6 each, by equal average initial weight, i.e. control group (15% energy from protein, 25% energy from fat), high casein group (25% energy from casein, 25% energy from fat), soybean protein group(25% energy from soybean protein, 25% energy from fat), low fat group (16% energy from fat, 15% energy from protein) and high fat group (40% energy from fat, 15% energy from protein). The experimental animals were fed the diets and water ad libitum for 80 days.The results showed that vascular detriment of high fat group and soybean protein group was the most serious, that of high casein group and low fat group was the second and coutrol group the least in order. The serum TC and LDL-C levels of high fat group and high casein group were higher and high soybean protein group and low fat group were lower than that of control group. Except high soybean protein group, the serum HDL-C levels were similar in every groups. The effects of dietary composition on lipid contents of aorta is obvious. The lipid contents of experimental groups were higher than that of control group. So the inadequate dietary composition of nutrients may give detrimental effect on cardiovascular system.