对反应力量可训练性的研究

Research on Trainability of Strength in Stretch-Shortening Cycle

以15对9～13岁无训练经历的女性单卵双胞胎和14名年龄、性别相同,具有2年以上训练经历的运动员作为本研究的实验对象。研究结果表明,反应力量通过专门训练可以得到提高。但是,反应力量,尤其是一些对反应力量最具影响的神经—肌肉指标,极易形成"动力定型",并且在以后的训练中难以改变。因此,在少年儿童竞技训练初期,就应当结合少儿的解剖生理特点重视反应力量的训练,优先发展肌肉的收缩速度,建立"短程式"的"拉长—缩短—周期",使反应力量得到进一步的发展。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the trainability of strength in stretch-shortening cycle.15 healthy untrained female one-egg twins and 14 young athletes with above two years training experience aged between 9 and 13 years are selected as subjects for this study. The result shows that the strength in Stretch-Shortening Cycle (SSC) can be improved by special training methods,but the strength in SSC, especially some neuromuscular parameters, which most effected on this strength are easy to become a 'dynamic stereotype' and difficult to be changed in later training. Therefore, the training of the strength in SSC should be paid highly attention at beginning of the training under anatomic and physiologic characteristics of children. In order to further develop the strength of SSC, the velocity of muscle contraction should be developed primarily and a 'short neuromuscular program' of SSC should be established.