凡口铅锌矿湿地处理系统的土壤原生动物

Soil Protozoa in Wetland Treatment System of Pb-Zn Mine in Fankou

20 0 1年 12月 ,在广东省韶关市凡口铅锌矿湿地处理系统中采集土壤样品 ,采用Singh和Stout的培养法对土样中的原生动物进行定性、定量研究。共发现原生动物 4 2种 ,对照区和湿地每克风干土壤中原生动物的平均丰度分别为 2 377和 113,三大类土壤原生动物丰度中鞭毛虫占优势 ,多于纤毛虫和肉足虫。通过原生动物种类、丰度与土壤理化参数的统计分析说明铅锌尾矿对土壤原生动物群落的危害极大。通过土壤原生动物丰度和物种相似性聚类分析结果反映出正在使用的湿地 3土壤受污染严重 ,已停止使用的湿地 1和湿地 2中的胁迫效应已有所减轻 ,湿地 4中也存在胁迫效应。在整个湿地系统中根系土壤原生动物丰度差异说明 ,4种类型植物对土壤中重金属毒性效应的去除能力大小顺序为类芦>香蒲 >油草 >芒。最后 ,还探讨了造成土壤中鞭毛虫占优势原因 。

Fankou Pb\|Zn mine, located in Shaoguan of Guangdong Province, is known as one o f the largest Pb\|Zn mines in China and even in the world. So far, a lot of work s were carried out on many organisms of wetland treatment system of Pb\|Zn mine tailing water. But the work of soil protozoa has not been reported yet, and the investigations of the soil pollution and its restoration are few. In this paper, the author quantitatively analyzes the soil protozoa in the wetland, employing the Singh and Stout's culture method, from the samples collected during the wetl and treatment system of Pb\|Zn mine tailing water in December of 2001. The prot ozoa was mainly composed of flagellate, ciliates and amoebae, and a total of 42 species were found. The average abundance was 2?377 vs 113 indivi duals per g soil (dry weight) between reference and control sites, respectively. The abundance of flagellate was higher than that of ciliates and amoebae. Compa rison of physical\|chemical parameters between the two sites indicates that Pb\| Zn mines tailing are very harmful to soil protozoa. Similarity analysis based on species and abundance reveals that the current being\|used wetland 3 is severel y polluted. And the effects of press in the unused wetland 1 and 2 are relative lower, while the effect of press exists in the wetland 4. The discrepancies of t he soil protozoa abundance in different plant roots from the whole wetland syste m suggest that capabilities of 4 kinds of plant absorbing heavy metals are as fo llowing: Neyrudia>Typha>Paspalum>Miscanthus. Therefore, our study shows that the utilization of the most\|frequently plants, Neyrudia and Typha, in the global p rocessing systems of the polluted water, is reasonable. It could benefit for the soil ecosystem not only removing of polluted materials, but also restoring of t he polluted soils. The dominance of flagellates in the wetland system was contri buted to the soil specific porous structures of soils, and source of its foods.