现行农地制度存在的问题及改进意见

The problems and advises of present farmland institution

农地可持续利用是实现农业生产可持续发展的基础。农地既是生产手段,又是劳动对象,由此可把农地利用分为纯生产性活动和投资性活动。前一种活动旨在追求单位农地的产出量;后一种活动在于改善农地质量,提高农地的生产能力。本文基于"农地可持续性是农民合理使用农地的结果"这一观点,分析现行土地制度存在的缺陷,即农地可持续利用缺乏制度保障。对我国农地可持续利用制度提出建议:建立和完善农地产权制度;建立农地使用权有偿转让市场机制;建立公正、公开的农地质量评估体系;建立农地可持续利用资金支持和政策激励制度;建立农地保护的群众性组织。

The sustainable utilization of farming land is the base of actualizing sustainable development of agricultural production. Farming land is not only a production artifice, but also a working object. Farmer's activities of utilizing land may be divided into two types: pure productive activity and investment activity. The former aims at seeking products from per unit land, and the objective of the latter consists in improving the quality and throughput of farmland. After expounding that farming land sustainable is the result of the farmers reasonable using lands, this article analyzes present land institutions and point out that land sustainable using is lack of institutional guarantee. The paper brings forward advises as follows: constituting and perfecting land property rights institutions, building market mechanism of land access repaying transfer, fair-and-square evaluating systems of land quality, financing support of encouraging land sustainable utilizing and estabtishing multitude organizations of land protection.