茶树种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

The Genetic Diversity of Tea Germplasms [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] by RAPD Analysis

用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记对取自全国产茶省的 31份种质资源、福建地区的 10份种质资源以及湖南安化云台山种有性后代居群的 30个单株的遗传多样性进行了检测。不同生态条件下的 31份不同种质资源中 ,2 1个RAPD引物扩增出 188条谱带 ,多态性比率为 90 4 3% ;福建 10份种质资源 ,2 1个RAPD引物共扩增出 15 4条谱带 ,多态性比率为 81.81% ;安化云台山种有性后代居群的 30个单株 ,2 1个RAPD引物共扩增出 15 0条谱带 ,多态性比率为 79.33%。不同生态条件下的 31份种质资源间的遗传距离为 0 2 192～ 0 70 77,福建 10份种质资源间的遗传距离为 0 14 14～ 0 4 187,安化云台山种有性后代居群的 30个单株的遗传距离为 0 12 5 2～ 0 4 6 16。从上述结果可以看出 :我国茶树种质资源的遗传多样性高 ,遗传基础丰富 ;茶树种质资源遗传多样性的变化主要是由于茶树有性杂交和茶树适应不同的生态条件所致。

Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was applied to detect genetic variations of tea which contained 31 germplasms from different regions of China, 10 germplasms from Fujian Province and 30 populations from Anhua Yuntaishan. For the 31 germplasms, 21 RAPD primers generated 188 bands, of which 170(90 43%) was polymorphic. For the 10 germplasms, 154 bands were generated with 81.81% being polymorphic. For the 30 populations, 150 bands were obtained, of which 119(79.43%) was polymorphic. Genetic distances between materials varied from 0 2192 to 0 7077(31 germplasms), 0 1414 to 0 4187(10 germplasms) and 0 1252 to 0 4616(30 populations). It was shown that the level of polymorphism among the germplasms of China was extremely high and genetic diversity of tea germplasms was mainly resul- ted from sexual hybridization and their adaptation to different environments.