视觉空间能力的认知加工特性

Characteristics of the Cognition Processing of Human Visual Ability in Space

心理测量学、差异心理学、认知心理学、认知神经科学等学科从多个角度揭示了视觉空间认知能力的本质与特性。视觉空间能力认知可塑性系列研究以高水平视觉加工子系统理论为基础,以斯滕伯格的加因素法为研究范式,通过对视觉空间任务的练习效应与年龄效应的检验表明,视觉空间认知加工中存在着的不同程度的可塑性与稳定性,结果显示出表象旋转、数量空间关系判断和视觉特征提取任务明显要比表象扫描、运动推断以及类别空间关系判断表现出较强的可塑性和易变性特点。高水平视觉加工系统从整体上表现出了功能的结构特性和动态特性。

Studies in surveying, difference psychology, cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroethology reveal the essence and characteristics of the visual cognitive ability in space from various perspectives. On the basis of theories of high-level visual processing subsystems and by following Sternberg's element-adding study pattern, serial studies were made to investigate the plasticity of visual cognitive ability in space. The results show that different degrees of plasticity and stability do exist in the cognition processing of visual space. Moreover, plasticity and flexibility in judgments of appearance swirl and quantitative spatial relationship and in command of visual characteristics are found greater in these studies than those obtained by means of appearance scanning, movement inference and judgment of categorical space relation. From the above-mentioned, the high-level system of visual processing is characterized with functional structure and dynamics.