中西戏剧成因比较论

A Comparative Approach to Contributive Factors to Chinese and European Drama

中国戏剧和以古希腊为代表的西方戏剧在形成过程中有着鲜明的差异和特征。从艺术演化史角度看,中国戏剧没有开从原始歌舞演化为戏剧的路子,而古希腊戏剧却从酒神祭祀的原始歌舞中破腹而出。从文艺生态学角度看,中国古代文学缺乏叙事文学基质,延宕了戏剧艺术的孕育;而肥沃丰厚的叙事文学土壤,却滋养了古希腊戏剧奇葩。中国的非宗教文化传统,难使巫觋歌舞最终戏剧化;古希腊人的宗教激情却使娱神歌舞演进为娱人戏剧。王化政治、农业社会,抑制了中国戏剧早发;民主政治、商业文化却催生了古希腊戏剧。

Through a comparison between Chinese drama and European drama as a continuation of Greek drama, this paper attempts to explore the distintive differences and characteristics in the process of their formation. In terms of history of art, Chinese drama failed to evolve from primitive dancing and singing to drama whereas ancient Greek drama successfully burst into being out of the primitive dancing and singing at the sacrifice to Dionysus. In terms of ecology of literature and art, Chinese literature delayed development of dramatic art because of its weakness in narrative craftsmanship while ancient Greek drama developed by drawing upon its ancient narrative tradition. Again, Chinese non-religious cultural tradition failed to dramarize its sorcery dancing and singing, but the ancient Greeks with religious enthusiasm managed to transformed god-pleasing dancing and singing into man-pleasing dancing and singing. Finally, the growth of Chinese drama was greatly bound by its imperial politics and agricultural society, but ancient Greek drama owed its rapid growth to its democratic politics and commercial culture.