水土保持林体系研究的回顾

Advances of Researches on Soil and Water Conservation Forest System

水土保持林体系是防护林体系中重要的组成部分之一 ,在改善生态环境、防治水土流失中具有重要作用。回顾国内外水土保持林体系研究的发展历程 ,并就其主要成就和存在问题进行简要评述。奥地利、前苏联、中国 ,在水土保持林体系科研方面成绩突出 ,起到了带头作用。奥地利建立的森林工程措施综合治理体系 ,已被许多国家采纳和推广。前苏联在土壤侵蚀及水土保持林作用机制方面的研究 ,已成为各国水土保持林体系研究和营造的理论依据。我国提出的生态林业和生态经济型水土保持林理论 ,是对世界水土保持林体系发展的一大贡献。目前存在的主要问题是研究尺度小、林分稳定性差、无合适理论依据和空间配置不合理等。正确解决这些问题 ,应是未来水土保持林体系研究的方向。

Soil and water conservation forest system is one of the important parts of protection forestry system. It plays an important role in improving ecological environment and controlling soil erosion and water losses. The history and the present situation of the research system of water and soil conservation forest system are reviewed, and the main achievements and problems are pointed out briefly. The researches of the former Soviet Union, Austria and China have obtained more achievements, and have played a leading role in the world. The forest-technical system of Austria has been used and popularized in many countries. The research results of mechanism of soil and water conservation forest have become the theoretical basis in the researches of soil and water conservation forest in the world. The theories of eco-forestry and soil and water conservation forest for erosion control are important contributions to the world's soil and water conservation system. The main problems of small watershed conservation forest system at present are that researching scales, unstabilitive stands, lack of theory research and unreasonable space configurations. To solve these problems reasonable will be the researching direction of forest for erosion control in the future.