论中国古代对森林保持水土作用的认识与实践

Study on Knowledge and Practice on Function of Conserving Water and Soil of Forests in Ancient China

中国早在先秦时期就产生了对森林保持水土作用认识的萌芽 ,汉晋时期对此有了初步的认识 ,唐宋时期有了明确的认识 ,明清时期产生了普遍的认识。古代人通过对森林实行“以时禁发”、注重森林防火、严禁砍伐和毁坏森林、划定森林“保护禁区”等措施 ,实现对森林资源的保护 ,提倡营造护堤林、边防林、行道树、风水林等植树造林的实践活动 ,发挥森林保持水土的作用。

In the ancient China as early as previous Qin Dynasty, the sprout of the knowledge that forests can conserve soil and water was produced. It developed to preliminary thinking in the Han Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, and became clear in the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. Until Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty had it been universal and common. In order to realize protecting forest resources, the ancients put all kinds measures into practice, which included banning felling forest to the season, laying stress on forest fireproof, strictly forbidding felling and destroy forest, delimiting forest protection areas and so on. To develop function of conserving soil and water of forest, practicing activities of tree planting and afforestation were advocated that bank protection forest, frontier defense forest, trees that line a street and landscape forest, etc were built.