轮胎拖印分析道路交通事故车速的模型

Traffic accident vehicle speed analyzing model based on tyreskidmark

道路交通事故发生前的车速(简称事故车速)是确定事故责任的依据,是研究事故再现的主要内容之一,也是目前国内外交通安全研究领域的一项重要课题。从事故现场的轮胎拖印出发,分析建立了根据轮胎拖印计算事故车速的模型。考虑到事故现场汽车各轮胎拖印的多样性和交警在事故现场采集数据快速准确的要求,运用能量守恒定律,将轮胎现场印迹分为胎印、擦印和拖印三阶段,将现场轮胎拖印测量起始点确定为轮胎胎印的起始点,并引入前后轴荷比和制动拖印修正系数。建立的事故车速分析计算模型综合考虑了事故车辆装载质量的变化、各车轮轮胎拖印长度的不等、制动过程轮胎与路面附着系数的变化等因素。

The vehicle speed before traffic accident happening is the important judgement of accident responsibility.It is also the main research subject of accident reappearing. Based on tyre printing,the vehicle speed calculating models were set up. Considering the variety of tyre printing on traffic accident spot and the requirement of quickly and accurately,collecting traffic accident spot data with energy conversation law,the tyre printing can be divided into three stages, tyreprint,tyrescuffmark and tyreskidmark.The beginning of measuring length of tyre printing is fixed on the beginning of tyreprint.Introducing the ratio of front and rear axle load and the modifying coefficient of the braking tyre printing,some factors were taken into account in these vehicle speed models,such as the changing of vehicle load,the unequal length of vehicle tyres'. printing,the changing of coefficient of tyre and road during braking.