中国土地政策目标的障碍与现实选择

The Barriers to the Targets of Chinese Land Policy and Practical Choice

我国土地政策目标是以整个农业发展目标为基础 ,以效率优先兼顾公平为基本出发点的。然而 ,由于受到市场经济条件下某些客观规律的作用及内外部环境的制约 ,土地政策目标在现实生活中频频发生矛盾或错位。具体表现为 :( 1 )土地使用权与产权异化的矛盾 ;( 2 )土地资源保护与比较利益的冲突 ;( 3 )土地资源配置效率与外部环境的矛盾。因此有必要重新选择我国土地政策的中心目标。我国土地政策的核心目标应是以效率优先为原则 ,扩大土地资源的集约化利用边界 ,以全面提高土地产出率。而具体的实现途径包括 :( 1 )推动土地承包的物权化和产权持有 ;( 2 )增加投入与激励相结合 ,提高土地集约化利用水平 ;( 3 )培养土地市场与价格体系 ,促进土地合理流转 ;( 4 )健全农村社会保障制度 ,优化外部环境。

It is Chinese land policy target that bases on the overall agricultural development and gives priority to efficiency as well as equity as the essential starting point. However, land policy targets are contradicting and are being dislocated by realities due to the influence of objective principles and the restrictions of outside and inside environment on the market oriented economy condition. The specific performances are as follows:Firstly, the contradiction between the right of land use and property dissimilation. Secondly, the protection of land resources and the conflicts of comparative interests. Thirdly, the contradiction between increasing the efficiency in distribution of resources and the outside environment. Therefore, it is necessary to rechoose the central target of Chinese land policy. And the core of Chinese land policy targets should aim at increasing land all round productivity by enlarging the boundary of intensified use of land resources according to the priority given to the efficiency. And the specific means of realizing the targets include the promotion of property right of land contract and possessions of property right, additional inputs with the encouragement to increase the level of land intensified use, nurturing land market and price system, accelerating rational land circulation, and perfecting social insurance system in villages to optimize the outside environment.