论免费服务不能免责的民法基础

On the Civil Law Foundation of “Service-free” but “Out of Liability”

作为一种促销方式和竞争手段,经营者在销售商品或提供服务的同时附带性地提供某种免费服务愈来具有普遍性,然而其性质若何,理论上却有争议,这阻碍了对此种行为所致纠纷的解决。本文认为,此种行为在经济学上属于“有奖销售”的一种,在法学上属于被称作“单方允诺”的单方法律行为,它与经营者和消费者之间买卖商品或者授受服务的合同性质不同,后者是双方法律行为,但二者又密切联系,前者以后者为条件,是附条件的单方法律行为。

Service-free,which is taken as one of the promoting and sales means,provided by the manufac- turer or producer is becoming more and more popular.But there are some different opinions about the nature of“ser- vice-free”.This has resulted in some confusions.The“service-free”but“out of liability”can be considered frem two different perspectives.It can be either taken as one of the“sales activities with reward”in economics or taken as“one-side promise under the contract”in terms of civil law.The author has differentiated the sales activ- ity with reward from buying-and-selling commodity or offering-and-accepting services,which involves in two trading parties.But the relationship between the two aspects are very close .