哈尔滨地区田间禾本科杂草生物学特性及群落结构的调查

The bio-attributes and community of grass family weeds in Harbin

试验采用随机取点和倒置“W” 9点取样相结合的方法对哈尔滨市不同作物田禾本科杂草进行调查。结果表明 ,哈尔滨市田间禾本科杂草主要有 8种 :稗草、狗尾草、马唐、野燕麦、荩草、芦苇、稻李氏禾和长芒野稗。各作物田内优势杂草种类不同 :大豆和玉米田优势杂草主要是稗草 ;小麦田优势杂草主要是稗草和野燕麦 ;水稻田优势杂草主要是稗草和稻李氏禾 ;蔬菜田优势杂草主要是稗草 ,偶有荩草和狗尾草。总体上 ,各群落都有稗草 ,其发生量最大、分布面最广。

The research investigated weed species of the grass family in different crops in Harbin by the method of random sampling and inverted W-sampling pattern.The result indicated that there were 8 species of dominant grass weeds in Harbin,Echijnochioa crusgalli,Setariaglauca viridis,Digitaria ligitaria,Phragmites communis,Leersia oryzoides and Echijnochioa caudate.The species of chief grass weeds were different in different crop's field,Echijnochioa crusgalli was the dominant weed in soybean and corn field.Echijnochioa crusgalli and Avena fatua L.were the dominant weeds in wheat field.The dominant weeds in paddy field were Echijnochioa crusgalli and Leersia oryzoides.Echijnochioa crusgalli was the dominant weed in vegetable field,sometime there were Setariaglauce viridis and Arthraxon hispidus Makio.In a word,all the community had Echijnochioa crusgalli,which was a grass weed of the most amount of generation and the widest distribution in field.