东北西部草地建设经济技术对策的研究

Grassland construction and economic-technological strategies of sustainable development of grassland-agriculture in the West of Northeastern China

东北西部的天然草地位于北纬 4 1°0 ～ 4 3°5 ,东经 117°0 ～ 12 7°5 ,分布于黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省西部地区的松花江、嫩江和辽河流域。大约在 130年前 ,该草原地区分布有富饶的草地资源 ,拥有 2 6 6 6 .6 6万公顷草地。自清朝末年以来 ,遭到 3次草地大破坏。到目前为止 ,该草地尚存 5 33.33万公顷草地 ,其中有 333.33万公顷是沙化、退化和盐碱化草地。文章的研究证实 ,以往任何时期无论草地破坏和草地修复都与当时社会的经济变革和经济体制 ,特别是与市场经济有关。目前 ,在草地建设中改良退化草原和建立人工草地主要采用下列农业经济技术对策 :1)退耕还牧的技术经济对策 ;2 )旨在封育沙化、退化和盐碱化草地的技术经济对策 ;3)发展草地农业和建立人工草地的技术经济对策。

Natural grassland in the West of Northeastern China is located in 41°0～43°5 N latitude and 117°0～127°5 E longitude.It lies in the Liao River Valley,the Songhua River Valley and Nen River Valley.About 130 years ago,this region had rich natural grassland resources,was numerically 26.66 illions in hectare of grasslands.Since the last stage of Qing Dynasty,the grassland has been destroyed seriously in 3 times.Up to now,this region only perserved about 2 millions in hectare of the grasslands.In addition,3.33 millions in hectare of the grasslands have changed from primary grassland to desertification,salinization-alkalinization and degeneration grasslands in the from of patches of bare soil.This paper indicated that in any period both grasslands destruction and its restoration were relevant to economic cganges and economic systems,particularly to market economy in that time.The following agricultural economic-technological strategies have been applied to transform of retrogressive grasslands:1)to return reclaimed grassland as farmland to primary grassland in order to greatly increase economic-ecological benefits;2)to close desertification,salinization-alkalinization and degradation grasslands in the form of patches of bare soil;3)to develop grassland-agriculture for establishment of stable production bases of concentrated feed crops and coarse herbage crops.