采矿废弃地的生态恢复与可持续景观设计

Ecological restoration and sustainable landscape design of mining wastelands

采矿废弃地是剧烈人为干扰下的一种特殊景观类型 ,其生态系统结构与功能退化严重 ,同时其使用功能和美学价值被破坏。通过生态恢复和重建促使采矿废弃地的生态和经济价值再生 ,并通过景观设计赋予利用和美学的价值 ,对区域生态系统的健康、地方经济可持续发展以及人民的生活水平具有十分重要的意义。通过分析采矿废弃地的景观生态特征和环境影响 ,对生态恢复与重建的各种工程与生物措施以及可持续利用途径进行综述 ,并通过介绍和分析国内外一些案例 ,进而对采矿废弃地景观设计的基本原则进行总结。

Mining wastelands are unique landscapes, formed under the severe negative influence of human disturbance. The highly heterogeneous characteristics and low stability of these landscapes alters hydrologic, biological, and other natural processes. These alterations lead to many environmental problems, such as landscape fragmentation, diffusion of pollution, disruption of water flow, habitat degradation and biodiversity reduction. Engineering and biologically based measures are available to remedy these problems, including toxicity and pollution treatment, soil remediation, vegetation restoration and physical repair. Landscape architecture methods can augment such environmental restoration of mining wastelands, by incorporating considerations of regional ecosystem health, local economic development, the living environment of local people, and aesthetic values. This review first analyzes the landscape ecological characteristics and environmental effects of mining wastelands, then summarizes various methods of restoration and reconstruction based on engineering and biological measures and evaluates different resource-use approaches. After introducing some cases, principles for sustainable landscape design of mining wastelands are proposed,including ecological security,resource reuse,natural succession, alternative design and humanity.