大豆光敏雄性不育系88-428BY花粉败育的细胞学观察

A CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF THE PHOTOPERIOD-SENSITIVE MALE STERILE 88-428BY OF THE SOYBEAN

以长日照条件下雄性可育株 88- 42 8为对照 ,对其短日照条件下雄性不育株 88- 42 8BY小孢子发育全过程进行观察。结果发现 :(1) 88- 42 8BY有三个败育时期 ,单核小孢子中期为败育的关键时期。一是减数分裂期 ,在双线期后期出现严重的配对松弛现象 ,细胞异常率达 99% ;而在减数分裂其它各时期不正常比率较少 ,仅为 2 % - 6 %。整个减数分裂期约导致近 9%的花粉母细胞败育 ;二是单核小孢子中期 ,出现花粉细胞质稀薄式解体、药壁组织提前加厚、药壁层次不清的败育现象 ,此期败育的花粉达 89.3% ;三是二胞花粉晚期 ,无淀粉或淀粉积累不完全 ,导致近 10 %的花粉败育。 (2 )败育度 ,细胞学上败育率达 10 0 % ,因为笔者所采的花蕾均在第五节位以上 ,此与形态学上第五节位上无荚果形成是一致的。

The 88-428BY is found by Wei Baoguo ,which is a photoperiod-sensitive male-sterile soybean .Under the articial illumination ,the pollens appear to be sterile in light treatment of 12.0h/d for 20d;to be fertile in the treatment of 15.0h/d .Comparative studies of the development of pollens of the sterile and fertile plants show there are three breakdown stages : ⑴At the meiotic division of the pollen mother cell, the 99%of them show the abnormal synapsis,9%of the pollen mother cells show aborted. ⑵Middle microspore stage ,which is the key sterile stage ,89.3 %of the pollens show abnormal. ⑶The late bicellular pollen stage ,10 % of the pollens show aborted.