豆科植物在中国草原生态系统中的地位及其生理生态研究

The Importance of Legume in China Grassland Ecosystem and the Advances in Physiology and Ecology Studies

豆科(Leguminosae)植物在改良土壤肥力、保持水土、提供多种经济产品方面功能显著,但我国干旱、半干旱草原区草场的退化使豆科植物资源受到严重破坏,有的面临灭绝的危险。本文明确了豆科植物在草原生态系统中的重要性,并综述了其光合、固氮等重要生理过程的研究进展,总结出自然生态系统中豆科植物的高光合机理和环境胁迫对固氮特性的影响,同时指出在豆科植物的适生机制和固氮潜能的发挥等还有很大的研究前景,在生产实践中,播种豆科灌木和豆科牧草是解决大面积人工林、草场“氮缺乏”的有效措施。

Legume plays an important role in improving soil fertility, protecting soil and water, andproviding varied products. However, the degraded grassland made Legume resource destroyed andfacing extinction. Here, we emphasized the importance of Legume in grassland ecosystems andsummarized advances in studies on photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, the mechanism of higherphotosynthetic rate and the effect of stress habitats on nitrogen-fixing. It was pointed out that it hasgood future for studying the adaptive mechanism and nitrogen-fixing potential of Legume. Practically,it will be valuable to planting Leguminous shrubs and grasses in man-made forest and pasture tocompensate soil for “nitrogen deficiency”.