大豆耐盐机理及相关基因分子标记

Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Molecular Markers of Genes Associated with Salt Tolerance in Soybean

大豆耐盐涉及多种生理代谢途径。耐盐大豆能够通过Cl-排除、控制Na+的吸收和转运、合成渗透调节物质、改变细胞膜膜脂组分及相关酶类的活性等多种形式来适应盐胁迫;野生大豆群体具有盐腺,从形态结构上适应盐逆境;大豆-根瘤菌共生体在盐胁迫下通过互作来提高整体的耐盐性。分子生物学技术应用于大豆耐盐研究,已获得了一些与耐盐相关基因连锁的分子标记。广泛搜集筛选大豆栽培种和野生种资源,利用分子生物学技术和基因工程提高大豆耐盐性,将成为未来大豆耐盐研究的主要内容。

The salt tolerance in soybean involves various physiological mechanisms or metabolicpathways. The salt-tolerant soybean cultivars can grow better under high salt stress by regulatingthe intake and transportation of Na+, chloride exclusion, osmotic adjustment, changes of membranelipids and enhancing activities of some enzymes, such as glutathion reductase, SOD and so on. Apopulation of wild soybean expressed higher level of salt tolerance for its salt glands. Under saltstress, soybean and Bradyrhizobium can affect each other, so soybean-Bradyrhizobium system canrespond to salinity as a whole. With the technology of molecular biology applied to salt-tolerantsoybean, a few molecular markers associated with salt tolerant genes have been identified.