试论先秦武术的发展及其特点

On the Development and Characteristics of Wushu of Pre-Qin Dynasty

通过对甲骨文、考古新发现和古传典籍的研读,探讨先秦武术的历史。先秦武术主要经历了原始社会的萌芽和奴隶社会的初步成形两个阶段。人类从制造石器和狩猎活动中学会了使用锋刃、投掷和击打等基本技术,这是武术的萌芽期;奴隶社会,更激烈的战争逼迫人类制造出更坚硬的兵器,并研究和改革格斗技术以适应战争的需要,这时的武术已进入成形阶段。

Through the study of the new findings of inscription on bones or tortoise shell, and the study of ancient biographies and ancient codes and records, people try to probe into the history of pre-Qin wushu. The development of pre-Qin wushu has two stages, one is the rudimentary stage of primitive society, the other is preliminary shaping stage of slave society. Human beings learned to use sharp cutting tools, to throw, to strike and some other basic skills by means of making stone implements and hunting , which is just the rudimentary stage of wushu; in the slave society, due to fierce wars, people were forced to make harder weapons, study and reform grapple skills for the wars, and just at that time, wushu came into the shaping stage.