音乐剧的审美理念与造美机制——赴日、美考察音乐剧艺术的见闻与思考

The Aesthetic Conception and Beauty-Producing Institution of Musicals .-Impressions and Thoughts on the Japan and US Musicals Tour

音乐剧为什么成为当代世界舞台剧中最成功的剧种?音乐剧为什么从“文化快餐”走向了“文化大餐”?音乐剧为什么寻求表现手段的丰富性并追求表现形态的灵活性?显然,是因为音乐剧关注的是其当下的演出市场,关注的是其观众当下的欣赏动机和审美趣味;而通过我们的考察看,音乐剧的观众主要是都市市民,观赏音乐剧是都市市民对休闲方式的一种选择。从消费的角度来看,是“审美消费”,是以满足“精神休闲”为目标的审美消费。事实上,音乐剧在满足大众的“审美消费”之时甚至消解了传统的“音乐戏剧”的一些审美理念:比如主要人物的主体动机理念、人物陈述的音乐宣叙以及传统乐队建制的和声编配理念……音乐剧在关注时尚并引导时尚之时,使自己也成为了一种“时尚”。 音乐剧的“大制作”和“高回报”是与舞台表演艺术的“产业化”分不开的。事实上,音乐剧艺术的发展历程,其审美理念的“时尚化”伴随着并推动着其造美机制的“产业化”。我们现在就应考虑建立与我国舞台表演艺术“产业化”进程相适应的“文化市场”。在我国这样一个表演团体众多、舞台剧目众多的国度,应当考虑建立伦敦西区及纽约百老汇之类的以“剧场群”为标志的“文化市场”。

Why have musicals become the most successful theatre drama on today's world stages? Why have musicals turned from'cultur-al fast-food'to 'cultural feast'? Why are musicals seeking for abundance of means of expression and flexible modes of expression? Obviously.it is because musicals are concerned about their performance market,about the appreciation motives and aesthetic interests of their audience. Our visit tour sees that the ma-jority of the audience for musicals is urban residents;watching musicals is a choice of urban residents for recreation. From the consumer's perspective,it is 'aesthetic consumption',targeted at the objective of satisfying'spiritual recreation'. In fact,in the mean time when musicals are satisfying 'spiritual recreation',they reduce some of the aesthetic conception in traditional 'musical theatre',such as the concept of leading characters'major motives, musical recitatives in presenting a character,as well as the concept of orchestration and chord arrangement for traditional orchestras. As musicals are concerned about fashion and are steering the fashion,they turn themselves into a 'fashion'.Musicals' 'grand production'and 'high payback'are closely related with the 'industrialization'of the stage performing art. In reality, in the growth of the art of musicals, the 'fashionability''of its aesthetic conception accompanies and advances the 'industrialization'of its beauty-producing institution. We should now consider establishing a 'cultural markef'that adapts to the 'industrialization'process of our country's stage performing arts. In China,a country with so many performing groups and numerous sfage dramas,we should consider establishing a 'cultural market'symbolized by 'clusters of theatres',similar to London's West End or New York's Broadway.