论汉语的语法、修辞特点与古代诗歌的民族特征

On Chinese Grammar Rhetoric and the Nationality of Ancient Poems

汉语的词汇具有词性的不定性、多义性、词类活用、词法缺少形态变化等特点。因此,一词多类或词无定类,句法简单,灵活多变,随势转移。而修辞上则长于对偶、排比、倒置、隐喻、稽古、引经、代称、委婉。汉语的这些特点,造就出古代诗歌的形象性、直观性、联想性、简约性、整一性、抒情性等诸多民族特色。

Chinese vocabularies have characteristics of indeterminateness,polysemy ,flexibility of parts of speech and the lack of morphology changing.A word may have various forms ,or it may be without a certain form;sentence structure is simple,the word will transfer with situation etc.But in rhetoric,there are characteristics of antithesis,parallelism,inver-sion,metaphor and euphemism etc.These Chinese characteristics make poems the nationality of image,object association brief,entirety and lyrics.