从海德格尔的生存论看诠释人的本质生成的3种理路

On Heidegger' s existential theory and three contemporary thoughts on human existence

海德格尔认为,此在(人)是一种特殊的存在者,特殊之处在于它在自己的生存中生成了自己的本质(存在);而且,此在的自我生成,是在神秘的情绪体验———畏、烦、死中,由于人领悟到自己是被抛进自己的多种可能性的筹划之中,从而克服"共在"这种异在,才出离沉沦,直面此畏,向死而生的。海德格尔的这种自我生成观,实质上不过是唯心主义先验自我本身的神秘内省或主观反思而已,它既非现实的社会生成,亦非真正的实践生成。这一点,与我国传统哲学力主人的社会生成或社会认同有别,更与马克思实践唯物主义的实践生成相距甚远。明乎此,才能走出当代人学研讨中因偏离实践、社会关系来把握人的生成的"准存在主义"误区。

In Heidegger's opinion, this being human being, is a kind of special existent in that he forms himself in his own existence and such kind of self-forming invdves a mysterious experience of fear,embarrasment and death, etc. The main idea of the muldti-faces his individuality encourages man to face fear and death while overcoming the threat of co-existing with others. Heidegger's idea of self-forming is nothing but the subjective meditation of the spiritualist's transcendental self in want of social practice and relationship and thus completely opposite to Maxist's theory of practice-forming and practical existence.