杏品种孢粉学研究

STUDIES ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF APRICOT VARETY RESOURCES

系统观察了杏(Prunus armcniaca L.)80个品种的花粉形态并进行聚类分析,结果表明,1.杏品种花粉大小、形状比较相似,但也存在一定差异。2.花粉表面纹饰多样。品种间差异很大,据此,将供试的杏品种分成3大类。 3.杏李((Prunus Simonii Carr.)花粉形态介于李(Prunus salicina Lindl.)和杏之间,进一步证明是李和杏自然杂交种的推论。4.新疆的阿克西米西及馒头玉吕克两个品种与华北生态群的其它品种之间的类间距离较大,分别为11.76和8.35,故亲缘关系较远,其起源问题有待进一步研究。5.根据表面纹饰并结合聚类分析对杏品种进行分类是一个有效的方法。但要对品种进行全面而详细的分类,还应结合品种的植物学特性和经济生物学性状。6.红玉杏与玉杏、大麦黄与小麦黄等品种之间的类间距离最小,分别为0.163和0.302,亲缘关系甚近或很可能是同物异名。

The pollen morphology of eighty apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L, ) varieties at home and abroad were observed systematically with the aid of scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Cluster analysis was carried out to study the useful value of palynology in the study of apricot variety resources. The results showed that: 1 . The pollen size and shape of apricot varieties were similar comparatively, but there were certain differences in them. 2 . The types of pollen surface sculpture were various and there were large differenes in varieties, according to this, the apricot varieties observed in the test could be grouped under three heads. 3. The pollen morphology of Prunus simo-nii Carr. was between Prunus salicina Lindl. and Prunus armeniaca L. and the inference that P. Simonii Carr. was the natural hybrid crossed with P. salicina Lindl. and P. armeniaca L. was further proved. 4 . There were bigger between-class distance between Akeximixi and Man-touyuluke of sinking and varieties of huabei ecologic group, 11.76 and 8.35 respectively, therefore, the question of their origins remained to be studied further. 5 . The surface sculpture observation integrated with cluster analysis was a resultful method to group varieties of apricot with the aid of palynology. and 6 . The b etween-class distances between Hongyuxing and Yuxing, Damaihuangxing and Xiaomaihuang-xing and so on were the least, 0.163 and 0.302 respectively, so they were same varieties in large degree, but had different names.