日照长度对三类唐菖蒲开花、生长的效应

EFFECT OF DAYLENGTH ON FLOWERING AND GROWTH OF THREE GARDEN RACES OF GLADIOLUS

对三类唐菖蒲进行4种日照长度处理:8小时、14～16小时、20小时和24小时。结果表明:大花品种‘Peter pears’和小花品种‘Rose charm’对日照反应敏感,8小时日照导致‘Peter Pears’盲株和‘Rose charm’花芽严重败育。而中花品种‘Roselind’对日照反应不敏感,8小时日照使其花期略早,但切花质量略差。14～16小时或更长的日照能促进各类品种开花,增加花茎和花穗的长度及小花数目。不同品种的营养生长对日照长度反应有差异:8小时日照下‘Peterpears’叶生长正常,新球茎和根的生长被明显促进;但‘Roselind’的叶和新球茎‘Rose charm’的叶、新球茎和根的生长均受到严重抑制。‘Peter pears’和‘Roselind’在14～16小时日照下,‘Rosecharm’在20小时日照下生长最好。

Three garden races of gladiolus were grown in a glasshouse at 4 daylength regimes which involved 8 hours ( covering plants with black cloth), 14 hours (natural daylength), 20 hours and 24 hours (prolonging natural daylength with incandescent lamps or high pressure sodium lamps) . Compared with flowering, cv. Peter pears ( large-flowering) and cv. Rose charm ( small-flowering ) were sensitive to daylength. Short day ( 8 h ) resulted in all plants of cv. Peter pears blasting and cv. Rose charm serious flower-bud abortion. However, cv. Roselind (intermediate-flowering)was insensitive to daylength. The 8h daylength promoted its slightly earlier flowering but poorer inflorescence quality. Long day ( 14~16h or more ) generally enhanced stalk and spike elongation and increased the number of florets per spike. There also existed difference in growth respondence to photoperiod among the three garden races. The 8h short daylength almost did not affect leaf growth of cv. Peter pears, but promoted new corms and roots to grow sharply. As to cv. Roselind, the leaf and new corm growth was inhibited^ significantly by 8h daylength treatment, whereas root was not in fluenced. In small-flowering cv. Rose Charm, the growth of leaf, new corm and root were all inhibited seriously by 8h short daylength. The best growth of cv. Peter pears was observed under 14~16h daylength, while cv. Rose charm grew best under 20h daylength.