再辩理欲——关于理欲关系的哲学新思考

A New Arguement on Relation between Reason and Desire

在古代中国与西方世界，圣哲先贤们已对理欲间的关系与作用有着独到见解与精辟分析。关于理欲的各种学说如百家争鸣；关于理欲的各门学派也“各领风骚”。他们中有关于欲的，如纵欲说，无欲说，禁欲说，寡欲说等；也有涉及理的，如存理去欲说，理存于欲说等。及今，经过改革开放大潮的冲击与价值观念嬗变的洗礼，人们对理欲问题的思考似乎又陷入了新一轮的迷惘与困惑之中。有必要对理欲间的关系与作用给以重新定位：要以理为指导，用理来规范、指引、提升欲之诉求；以欲为基本，用欲来补充、发展、促进理之升华；找到二者积极作用的最佳契合点，以实现二者良性作用的最大化，达至“共赢”，造福人类。

The arguement on 'reason and desire' has a long history in ancient time. The sage men of virtue and the philosophers in that time formed their unique understandings and original analyses on this issue. All sorts of theories on 'reason and desire' were corlorful in that time; meanwhile, all kinds of schools of philosophic thought on it were wonderful.Among them, some were on 'desire', such as 'indulging desires', 'banning desires' and 'denying desires'; others were on 'reason', for instance, 'indulging reason', 'reason existing in desires'. With time changing, today we are more perplexed by the complicated relation between 'reason and desire' again, because we have experienced so many baptisms of reform and so great permutation of outlook on value. Therefore, it is necessary for us to re-orientate the relations and effects between 'reason and desire'. We should center on the reason, using the reason to standardize, guide, and promote the desire; Based on the desire, make desire to supplement, expand and stimulate the reason. To sum up, we should find the best agreed-point of positive effect between 'reason and desire' so as to maximize the active effect of them, reach 'double-win' and benefit people.