合成氨催化技术与工艺进展

Advances in catalytic technology and process for ammonia synthesis

Fe1-xO催化剂体系的发明,使合成氨催化剂的活性有了飞跃性进步。采用Fe1-xO基A301催化剂可实现低压合成氨工艺,其合成回路吨氨能耗可降低1.30GJ。钌催化剂的发明则有可能成为真正突破经历了近一个世纪的铁催化剂。以钌催化剂为基础的KAAP工艺开发成功,每吨氨的生产成本可降低2.2～6.6美元,节能1.20GJ。由于钌的稀有和昂贵,在可以预见的时间内,钌催化剂不可能立即取代铁催化剂。采用超临界技术有可能实现非平衡限制氮加氢技术的设想。

The discovery of the wustite-based catalyst has given a strong impact on the consolidated scientific knowledge of ammonia catalysts, and greatly improves the activity of ammonia catalysts. And a low-pressure ammonia synthesis process based on the wustite-based iron catalyst A301 saves the energy consumption of about 1.30 GJ per ton ammonia production. The ruthenium-based ammonia catalyst has broken through the system of iron-based catalyst used in industry for about 100 years. The KAAP process based on Ru-based catalyst saves about the energy consumption of 1.20 GJ and the cost of 2.2-6.6 U.S.dollar per ton ammonia production as compared to the conventionally reduced-energy design on the same basis. However, ruthenium is a rare and noble metal on earth, so it is impossible in industry for the Ru-based catalyst to replace iron-based catalysts in the near future. The idea of no limit of chemical equilibrium for ammonia synthesis has been proposed to be a potential way in the supercritical condition.