太平天国奠都初期天京的商业政策浅探

ON THE COMMERCIAL POLICIES OF THE TAIPING HEAVENLY KINGDOM IN ITS EARLY DAYS

太平天国奠都初期天京的商业政策可分为私营商业政策和公营商业政策两个方面。私营商业政策经历了放、禁、弛、禁、放五个阶段 ,与此同时 ,公营商业政策也相应进行了调整。引起政策变化的原因是多方面的 ,但主要出于防务的需要。商业政策的变化说明了太平天国实行的超越生产力发展水平的禁商政策是行不通的。正因为太平天国决策层能够根据实际需要不断调整政策 ,前期的太平天国才能够在与清军的对峙中处于优势。

The commercial policies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom after it established its capital in Nanjing can be divided into two parts: the policies respectively concerning the privately-owned and publicly-owned businesses. The policy concerning privately-owned business went through five stages. At the same time, the policy concerning publicly-owned business experienced relevant adjustments. The changes in commercial policies resulted from various factors, but mainly from the need for defense. The process demonstrates that it was impractical for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to carry out the commercial policy that transcended the productivity level of the time. It also shows that it was just because the decision-makers of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom could constantly adjust their policies according to the practical needs that it found itself in an advantageous position when it was in confrontation with the Qing dynasty troops.