论伦理相对主义与伦理绝对主义

Ethical Relativism and Ethical Absolutism

道德既具有适用于一定社会的特殊性、相对性,因而存在特殊的、相对的道德,又具有适用于一切社会的普遍性、绝对性,因而存在共同的、绝对的道德。伦理相对主义只看到道德的特殊性和相对性,而抹煞道德的普遍性和绝对性,因而错误地认为不存在适用于一切社会的共同的和绝对的道德,不存在对于一切社会都是正确的普遍正确和绝对正确的道德。反之,伦理绝对主义或道德绝对主义则夸大道德适用于一切社会的普遍性和绝对性,进而否认相对的、特殊的道德之为真正的道德,以至片面地认为真正的、优良的道德必定是普遍的和绝对的。

There is special and relative morality because of its specialty and relativity applicable to a certain society, and there is also universal and absolute morality because of its universality and absoluteness in application to a certain society. Ethical Relativism, grasping the specialty and relativity, denies the universality and absoluteness, and thus holds that there is no common and absolute morality or the generally and absolutely correct morality universal to all societies. On the contrary, Ethical absolutism or moral absolutism, exaggerating the universality and absoluteness of morality, denies the truth of relative and special morality and thus holds the wrong idea that true and good morality must be universal and absolute.