聚落生态系统变迁对民族文化的影响——对泸沽湖周边聚落的研究

The Influences of the Ecological Changes in Villages on Ethnic Cultures——Studies on the Villages around the Lugu Lake

聚落生态系统中包含的人地关系,是形成和影响民族文化生态的主要因素,随着人类对土地和资源利用方式的变化,会产生一些与传统不同的人地关系,从而影响到民族文化的变迁,引发人们对民族文化流失的担忧。泸沽湖是一个多民族的聚居地,近20年,随着旅游业的发展,聚落生态系统也出现了分化,旅游聚落生态系统的经济活力增强、边界扩大,引起民族文化的变化,而泸沽湖周边最具特色的母系文化,在这一变迁过程中,表现出相当的适应性,为我们正确认识聚落生态系统变迁的影响提供了一个有益的个案。

The relationship between humans and land resources in the village eco-system is the major factor influencing ethnic cultural ecology. With the change of humans' exploitation of the land and other resources, the relationship between humans and land may have gone through radical change which is different from the traditional pattern. This will in turn affect the development of ethnic culture and will give rise to the loss of traditional ethnic culture. The Lugu Lake region is a multi-ethnic concentration area. Over the past 20 years, with the development of tourism, village eco-system has been disintegrated. Economic activities are getting flourished and the commercial boundary is enlarged so that traditional ethnic culture is undergoing rapid changes. In this course, the matrilineal culture has taken on adaptive features. This phenomenon becomes a good case in the study of the influences on the change of village eco-system.