法国哲学传统中的语用思维

Pragmatic Thought in French Philosophical Tradition

法国哲学传统中的语用思维 ,是在经验所激发的符号学、心理学和人类学中进行的。最早播下法国语用思想种子的是洛克和笛卡尔。笛卡尔的哲学方法对波尔———罗亚尔语法的创立 ,具有直接的启迪作用。孔狄亚克对波尔———罗亚尔语言过分强调逻辑作用、忽略修辞的语用和词序以至排斥主体性进行了批判 ,在继承洛克感觉经验论基础上 ,创立了感觉经验主义语言哲学。布列阿尔在深受洛克、孔狄亚克、索绪尔思想影响的语言哲学背景下 ,试图“对语言变化的原因做个体心理学的解释”。在他的启示下 ,包括鲍汗和本维尼斯特等在内的哲学家和语言学家 ,将心理的、社会的、功能的因素引入语言本质和言语行为的分析 ,改变以往对意义与思想间关系的关注 ,转向对意义与行为间关系的研究 ,形成了法国对整个语用思想具有重大贡献的对话分析理论。语用思维在法国体现出自己独特的形态。

From development of pragmatic thought, the dissertation generalizes French pragmatic philosophy from the general grammar of Port Royal to theory of discourse analysis, and analyses developing history of language use, context and speech act in France philosophy. French pragmatic thought, which pays more attention to the relation between language and behavior in social practice, displays a different developing path from other pragmatic philosophy, and becomes one of sources of modern pragmatics. For understanding and grasping the development, form and manner of pragmatic thought in French philosophical tradition, recognizing the developing track of modern pragmatics from philosophy perspectives, this research has an important epistemological significance.