云南烟草根结线虫拮抗真菌分离鉴定初报

Isolation and identification of antagonistic fungi on tobacco root-knot nematodes in Yunnan

从云南省28个县采集152个土样及发病烟根,利用直接分离法和诱集分离法分别从根结线虫卵囊、卵、雌虫和幼虫分离到400株拮抗真菌,它们包括拟青霉属、镰刀菌属、普可尼亚属、木霉属、链格孢属、曲霉属、青霉属、柱孢菌属、茎点霉属、单顶孢属、钩丝孢属、节丛孢属、矛束孢属等21属及一些不产孢的拮抗真菌,其中淡紫拟青霉、厚垣孢普可尼亚菌、尖孢镰刀菌为分离频率最高,约占分离数的60%.卵囊、卵和雌虫寄生真菌种类和数量远远大于二龄幼虫寄生真菌种类和数量,不同县寄生真菌种类和数量差异较大.

One hundred and fifty two soil & root samples were collected from 28 counties of root-knot nematodes disease areas of Yunnan Province. Four hundred fungal antagonists respectively associated with egg masses,eggs,sedentary females and vermiform nematodes of tobacco root-knot nematodes were isolated by direct method and baitting method.These fungal antagonists were identified down to twenty one genera,they are Paecilomyces,Fusarium,Penicillium,Trichoderma,Verticillium,Aspergillus,Phoma,Pochonia.Harposporium,Mucor,Geotrichum,Doratomyces,Sarcinella,Alternaria,Gliomastix,Cladosporium,Chaetomium,Cylindrocarpon,Monacrosporium,Arthrobotrys,Cephaeosporium ,and some sterile fungi.The isolation frequency of Paecilomyces lilacinus,Fusarium oxysporum and Pochonia chlamydospora took up above 60%.The results showed that the fungal antagonists of tobacco root-knot nematodes have abundant biodiversity,the species and amount of fungal antagonists in the egg masses, eggs and sedentary females were higher than that of vermiform nematodes,and the species and the amount of different samples were distinctly different.The fungal biodiversity could supply abundant biocontrol resource for root-knot nematodes.