从畜牧业发展状况探讨新疆优质牧草产业化

iscussion of the high quality pasture industrialization in Xinjiang based on the stock raising development situation

对新疆1949-2002年草原畜牧业的发展状况和天然草地及牧草生产的状况进行了研究。从数据看出,2002年新疆畜牧业年末存栏数是1949年年末存栏数的4 57倍,新疆天然草地季节牧场超载,产草量降低。从1998年新疆畜牧业年末存栏畜种结构看,年末存栏总数4224万头(只),已大大高于全区天然草地理论载畜量(3224 86万个羊单位)。2001年家畜年最高饲养量达到创记录的5708万头(只),对天然草地带来了压力,也对牧草产业的发展带来了新的机遇。随着种植业结构的调整,预计新疆紫花苜蓿种植比例将达到播种面积的10%～15%;苜蓿种植面积将由目前的11 4万hm2上升到33万～50万hm2;苜蓿年干草产量将为150万～250万t。

Research was carried out on Xinjiang's grassland animal husbandry development, natural grassland, and pasture production. Data shows that the stock on hand at the end of 2002 was about 4.57 times that on hand at the end of 1949. The natural grassland is overloaded and the natural forage yield has reduced. In 2001, raised livestock in Xinjiang reached a record 57.08 million, greatly exceeding the theoretical natural grassland capacity of 32.25 million sheep units. Xinjiang has about 3.33 million hm^2 of ploughable land. The current area planted in alfalfa is about 0.11 million hm^2, and in the future it is calculated that it will reach 0.33～0.50 million hm^2, and that alfalfa annual hay production will reach about 1.5～2.5 million t. With the adjustment of planting structure, Xinjiang high quality pasture industrialization will have great development in the future.